musculocutaneous nerve anatomy

These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Mid This article has been rated as Mid-importance on the … Physical examination of the musculocutaneous nerve includes both motor and sensory examination. This muscle runs from two connecting points at the shoulder down to your elbow. Rare anatomical variation of the musculocutaneous nerve - case report. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE • It is the largest branch of lateral cord(C5, C6 and C7). These include the coracobrachialis, the biceps brachii, and the … Origin of the Musculocutaneous Nerve The musculocutaneous nerve … Adrienne Dellwo is an experienced journalist who was diagnosed with fibromyalgia and has written extensively on the topic. musculocutaneous nerve. Fig 2 – Cutaneous distribution of the musculocutaneous nerve. The ulnar nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum to reach the posterior compartment. Turk Neurosurg. The ulnar nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum to reach the posterior compartment. Changes that occur at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis: The median nerve: crosses in front of the brachial artery from lateral to medial. In addition, the biceps brachii also supinates the forearm. Learning objectives –The applied anatomy of the nerve. Gross Anatomy and Course. An ultrasound study. Adeline Cambon-Binder, Caroline Leclercq, Anatomical study of the musculocutaneous nerve branching pattern: application for selective neurectomy in the treatment of elbow flexors spasticity, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 10.1007/s00276-014-1371-x, 37, 4, (341-348), (2014). The musculocutaneous nerve may perhaps be the most identifiable nerve of the brachial plexus. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the musculocutaneous nerve - its anatomical course, motor and sensory functions, and its clinical correlations. Gross Anatomy and Course. Compression of the musculocutaneous nerve at the elbow. The musculocutaneous nerve is one of two terminal branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (along with the lateral root of the median nerve).It receives fibers from the C5-7 nerve roots. Musculocutaneous nerve The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and therefore contains fibres from spinal roots C5, C6 and C7. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The coracobrachialis lies inside your upper arm just below the biceps. The musculocutaneous nerve may perhaps be the most identifiable nerve of the brachial plexus. Musculocutaneous Nerve: The musculocutaneous nerve is responsible for bending/flexing our elbows. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Most often, musculocutaneous nerve dysfunction is caused by injury to the brachial plexus, which contains numerous nerves. Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve can be caused by three mechanisms: repeated microtrauma, indirect trauma or direct trauma on the nerve. lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (terminal branch) Course. Damage to this nerve can result in problems with the tissues in innervates, including: The arm movements described above, while weakened, remain possible due to other muscles that aid in these movements, including the pectoralis major and the brachioradialis. In treating recurrent anterior shoulder instability, knowledge of the topography of the MCN is important for the margin of safety available during dissection. Human torso anatomy human anatomy. The musculocutaneous nerve is a large terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Desai SS, Varacallo M. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, musculocutaneous nerve. This symptom can be reproduced by pressing over the region below the coracoid process (positive Tinel's sign). The musculocutaneous nerve may receive a root from the seventh cervical nerve. The Musculocutaneous Nerve (n. musculocutaneus) arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, its fibers being derived from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves.. It is located at the lateral margin of the biceps tendon and just above the elbow it pierces the deep fascia and … Revisions: 36. It operates downwards and laterally, pierces the coracobrachialis which it supplies, and then passes between the biceps and brachialis muscles. vet-Anatomy is a veterinary atlas of anatomy based on veterinary imaging (MRI, CT, X-Rays) and medical illustrations, ... Musculocutaneous nerve - Nervus musculocutaneus. Along the course of the brachial plexus, 18 nerves arise, including five terminal branches. skin, suggests that has a sensory role. It supplies the flexor compartment of the arm i.e. The Musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the Brachial Plexus.It emerges at the inferior border of Pectoralis minor muscle.It passes lateral to the … It should not be hard to figure out that the musculocutaneous nerve (MC) contains fibers that are motor to the muscle and sensory from the skin (cutaneous).We will find the nerve coursing along the medial and caudal aspect of the biceps brachii muscle (A).. The musculocutaneous nerve is a large terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Alternatively, it may pass under the coracobrachialis instead of through it, and/or through the biceps brachii. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. [caption id="attachment_8647" align="aligncenter" width="380"], [caption id="attachment_8648" align="aligncenter" width="338"]. The musculocutaneous nerve then passes down the flexor compartment of the upper arm, superficial to brachialis but deep to the biceps brachii muscle. The musculocutaneous nerve carries fibers for both motor function (movement) and sensory function (feeling). In this region, it can be found close to the cephalic vein. More information The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the Biceps, Brachialis and Coracobrachialis muscle. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. In the forearm, between your elbow and wrist, the lateral cutaneous nerve sends branches to the skin of the forward portion (thumb side) of the arm.. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve. C This article has been rated as C-Class on the project's quality scale. When viewing the axilla, the musculocutaneous nerve can be seen branching from the lateral cord and piercing directly into … The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. Shoulder dislocation doesn’t often cause damage to the musculocutaneous nerve, but it does sometimes happen. Overuse of coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis muscles can cause the stretching or compression of musculocutaneous nerve. PMID: 30480938 Surgical reconstruction of severe brachial plexus injuries includes nerve grafting and neurotization techniques of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) to recover elbow flexion. In the absence of C6 function (conveyed by the upper trunk, anterior division, and musculocutaneous nerve to the elbow flexors), the radial nerve–supplied brachioradialis, not the trivial segment of brachialis supplied by the radial, assumes the function of weaker elbow flexion. The Anatomy of the Musculocutaneous Nerve, Ⓒ 2021 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved. With the exception of cranial nerves (in the head), all of the nerves in your body emerge from the spinal cord through the spaces between vertebrae. The find out more about our cookies, click here. It is usually seen as a hypoechoic flattened oval structure with a bright hyperechoic rim. The nerve provides feeling to the forward half (thumb side) of your inner arm from the elbow to the base of the thumb and to the forward portion of your outer arm from elbow to wrist. 3D video anatomy tutorial on the anatomy of the musculocutaneous nerve. It leaves the axilla and pierces the coracobrachialis muscle near its point of insertion on the humerus . branch to coracobrachialis. Flexion at the shoulder and elbow are weakened but can still be performed by the pectoralis major and brachioradialis respectively. The musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7) is a terminal branch of the lateral cord. biceps brachii (both long and short heads, the muscl Compression of the musculocutaneous nerve at the elbow. 27% off muscle system poster anatomy chart human body educational silk cloth. The musculocutaneous nerve appears from lateral cord of the brachial plexus in the axilla. Other articles where Musculocutaneous nerve is discussed: human nervous system: Brachial plexus: …forearm, are served by the musculocutaneous nerve. The nerve also can be damaged during shoulder surgeries. –Cutaneous innervation. The musculocutaneous nerve The musculocutaneous nerve then contin… Doctors tap the bicep tendon to test reflexes of the C6 spinal cord segment via the musculocutaneous nerve. Nerve roots that come from between the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical vertebrae (C5, C6, and C7) in your neck merge to form the lateral cord. Musculocutanoeus nerve (C5, C6, C7) Course: The musculocutaneous nerve is the continuation of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus.It pierces the Coracobrachialis muscle and then travels in between the Biceps brachii and the Brachialis muscles and finally it terminates as the lateral canoes nerve of the forearm, which innervates the skin of the lateral aspect of the forearm. StatPearls. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2016.08.004, Nascimento SR, Ruiz CR, Pereira E, Andrades L, de Souza CC. 2011;12:62. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-62, Besleaga D, Castellano V, Lutz C, Feinberg JH. The musculocutaneous nerve then runs down the upper arm between the brachialis and biceps brachii muscles. As it nears the elbow, it pierces connective tissue called the deep fascia and emerges near the biceps tendon and brachioradialis muscle. These are also the nerve roots of brachial plexus that branches from the neck or the cervical spine. The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the muscles in front portion of the arm. The musculocutaneous nerve emerges below the pectoralis minor muscle of the upper chest, near your shoulder and armpit. Transducer position: short axis to arm, just distal to the pectoralis major insertion 3. branch to biceps. The word musculocutaneous-‘Musculo’ implies its role in innervating muscles (motor part), and ‘cutaneous’ i.e. The brachialis muscle is the primary muscle involved in flexing your elbow. Each of these trunks has an anterior and posterior division, which then continue into a medial, posterior, and lateral cord. The musculocutaneous nerve appears from lateral cord of the brachial plexus in the axilla. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The musculocutaneous nerve may receive a root from the seventh cervical nerve. Along the course of the brachial plexus, 18 nerves arise, including five terminal branches. Updated November 14, 2018. Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve can be caused by three mechanisms: repeated microtrauma, indirect trauma or direct trauma on the nerve. Clinical Relevance: Injury to the Musculocutaneous Nerve. In some people, it may: The portion of the musculocutaneous nerve that runs through the upper arm provides motor function to the muscles it innervates. Description. It gives a branch to this muscle. pierces coracobrachialis 3-8 cm distal to coracoid. The nerve then pierces the deep fascia lateral to biceps brachii to emerge lateral to the biceps tendon and brachioradialis. Tasks such as lifting a cup and brushing our teeth. biceps brachii (both long and short heads, the muscl LKnative - Musculocutaneous nerve block 3 – Anatomy: The trajectory of the musculocutaneous nerve in the upper half of the arm ← Back to Lesson. These cookies do not store any personal information. Is the musculocutaneous nerve really in the coracobrachialis muscle when performing an axillary block? After originating from the brachial plexus, the musculocutaneous nerve leaves the axilla, and pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, near its point of insertion on the humerus. Actions: It helps in flexion and adduction of the arm. Demircay E, Musluman AM, Cansever T, et al. Anatomy and internal topography of the musculocutaneous nerve: the nerves to the biceps and brachalis muscles. 2019;61(2):327–331. Indications: elbow, forearm, and hand surgery 2. Aug 28, 2019 - This article will discuss the origin, course, motor and sensory function and injury of the musculocutaneous nerve, including related clinical notes. Adeline Cambon-Binder, Caroline Leclercq, Anatomical study of the musculocutaneous nerve branching pattern: application for selective neurectomy in the treatment of elbow flexors spasticity, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 10.1007/s00276-014-1371-x, 37, 4, (341-348), (2014). Darvishi M(1), Moayeri A(1). vet-Anatomy vet-Anatomy the interactive atlas of veterinary anatomy. doi:10.2478/folmed-2018-0080, Hayashi M, Shionoya K, Hayashi S, et al. It also runs from the shoulder to the elbow. Medically reviewed by Rochelle Collins, DO, Medically reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MD, Medically reviewed by Stuart Hershman, MD, Verywell Health uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Goal: local anesthetic spread around axillary artery 4. The musculocutaneous nerve is well protected within the axilla and injury is relatively uncommon. The musculocutaneous nerve (roots C5-7) is a terminal branch of the lateral cord, and will be explored here in detail. From there, it runs into the forearm as the lateral cutaneous nerve, sending off branches until it reaches the wrist just above the thumb joint. Anatomy of branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to the biceps and brachialis in human fetuses Kwolczak‐McGrath, A.; Kolesnik, A.; Ciszek, B. The musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7) is a terminal branch of the lateral cord. Physical examination of the musculocutaneous nerve includes both motor and sensory examination. Local anesthetic: 15–20 mL The absence of the musculocutaneous nerve represents a failure of the nerve to depart from the median nerve during early development. Anastomoses with the median nerve usually occur in the lower third of the arm, and may form an ansa; the frequency of anastomoses in this region of the arm is 8% of cases. Spinal nerve root compositions of musculocutaneous nerve: an anatomical study. The musculocutaneous (MC) nerve is a sensori-motor nerve that originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus at the infero-lateral margin of the minor pectoral muscle. Anastomoses with the median nerve usually occur in the lower third of the arm, and may form an ansa; the frequency of anastomoses in this region of the arm is 8% of cases. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The musculocutaneous nerve is one of two terminal branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (along with the lateral root of the median nerve). Of the three, the biceps brachii and brachialis are the easiest to test — by testing elbow flexion. • It is the nerve of the front of arm. A nerve is a fibrous bundle that transmits impulses and sensations from the spinal cord or brain to the muscles. Use the information in this article to help you with the answers. 2008-03-01 00:00:00 A. KWOLCZAK-MCGRATH,* A. KOLESNIK, AND B. CISZEK Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Forty upper limbs (20 right and 20 left) of spontaneously aborted human … Make the changes yourself here! Minor damage to the musculocutaneous nerve can weaken the bicep muscles. (Cutaneous means skin.). The Musculocutaneous nerve powers the brachialis, coracobrachialis as well as biceps muscles. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. It supplies the flexor compartment of the arm i.e. It gives a branch to this muscle. Note: The musculocutaneous nerve is well recognised to have a varied anatomical course. It innervates both these muscles and gives articular branches to the humerus and the elbow. 2017;209:45–50. The musculocutaneous nerve works with the biceps to flex the arm at the elbow and shoulder to create that classic bodybuilder pose, and it also allows you to rotate your arm so your palm faces up. The biceps brachii, often just called the biceps, is one of the better-known muscles in the body, thanks to its bulging appearance when you flex your upper arm as well as exercises named for causing that bulge, such as biceps curls. 1. In some cases, nerve grafting or nerve transfer may be necessary for restoring function.. Characteristic mechanisms of injury include penetrating trauma to the axilla (e.g. The anastomoses between this nerv … It is the nerve of the front of arm. It helps flex your arm at the shoulder and plays a minor role in pulling the arm in toward your body. It’s the terminal branch of the lateral cord, which is part of the brachial plexus that extends from your neck to your armpit. 2015;10:328-33. doi:10.4103/1673-5374.152388. These are also the nerve roots of brachial plexus that branches from the neck or the cervical spine. usually iatrogenic It continues into the forearm as the lateral cutaneous nerve and provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE Dr M Idris Siddiqui 2. A nerve is a fibrous bundle that transmits impulses and sensations from the spinal cord or brain to the muscles. A novel classification of musculocutaneous nerve variations: The relationship between the communicating branch and transposed innervation of the brachial flexors to the median nerve. Description. The musculocutaneous nerve arises directly from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (Figure 31–8). This region of your body is called the axilla. In the upper arm, between your shoulder and elbow joints, you have four muscles: The triceps brachii is in the posterior (back) compartment while the rest are in the anterior (front) compartment. The nerve leaves the axilla and enters the arm by traveling through the coracobrachialis muscle where it connects to the humerus bone of the upper arm. The origin of the musculocutaneous nerve and its relationship with the surrounding structures, motor and sensory branches, and fascicular structures were studied. Found an error? With the exception of cranial nerves(in the head), all of the nerves in your body emerge from the spinal cord through the spaces between vertebrae. • After supplyling 3 muscles, ends by becoming the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. Those who have it can complain of pain, tingling or reduced sensation over the lateral side of the forearm. During a routine dissection of a 66-year-old white female cadaver, a bilateral absence of the musculocutaneous nerve was observed in the upper limbs. Ann Anat. However, if that approach isn’t successful, surgical decompression may become necessary. 3. By using Verywell Health, you accept our, The Brachialis Muscle: Anatomy, Function, Rehab, Here's What You Need to Know About the Axillary Vein, Back Muscles: Anatomy, Function, and Rehab Considerations, What You Need to Know About the Cephalic Vein, The Axillary Nerve: A Major Nerve in Your Shoulder and Upper Arm, Cervical Rib: Anatomy, Location, and Treatment, Brachioradialis Anatomy: Function, Injury, and Rehab, The Nerve That Gives Us the Opposable Thumb, What to Do When You Tear Your Biceps Tendon at the Elbow Joint, How to Treat Symptoms of a Radial Nerve Injury, Pectoral Girdle: Anatomy, Function, and Treatment, Spinal nerve root compositions of musculocutaneous nerve: an anatomical study, Anatomical variations of the musculocutaneous and median nerves: A case report, A novel classification of musculocutaneous nerve variations: The relationship between the communicating branch and transposed innervation of the brachial flexors to the median nerve, Rare anatomical variation of the musculocutaneous nerve - case report, Recovery of brachial plexus lesions resulting from heavy backpack use: a follow-up case series, Musculocutaneous neuropathy: Case report and discussion, Phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve for the repair of brachial plexus injury: Electrophysiological characteristics, Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, musculocutaneous nerve, Interact with, adhere to, and exchange fibers with the, Pass under the coracobrachialis muscle instead of going through it, Loss of sensation in the skin on the front side of the forearm, Weakened flexion at the shoulder and elbow. It innervates all three of these elbow flexor muscles, including the biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis. The musculocutaneous nerve (roots C5-7) is a terminal branch of the lateral cord, and will be explored here in detail. Nerve roots that come from between the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical vertebrae (C5, C6, and C7) in your neck merge to form the lateral cord. • The radial nerve is a partial supplier of the brachialis, but not a significant one. Overuse of coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis muscles can cause the stretching or compression of musculocutaneous nerve. It leaves the axilla and pierces the coracobrachialis muscle near its point of insertion on the humerus. branch to brachialis. Part of the median nerve 2. Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve. Musculocutaneous neuropathy: Case report and discussion. The Musculocutaneous Nerve (n. musculocutaneus) arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, its fibers being derived from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves.. The musculocutaneous nerve (roots C5-7) is a terminal … Rony Kampalath, MD, is board-certified in diagnostic radiology and previously worked as a primary care physician. The musculocutaneous nerve continues through the neck and armpit area, to terminate in the arm. Published 2016 Apr 27. doi:10.1016/j.rboe.2015.08.019, Nylund T, Mattila VM, Salmi T, Pihlajamäki HK, Mäkelä JP. Pierces Coracobrachialis. The musculocutaneous nerve is the terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (C5, C6 and C7) and emerges at the inferior border of pectoralis minor muscle. It's good to get a bit of practice done before starting the bigger illustrations. The anatomy of the musculocutaneous nerve was investigated to determine its relationship to the coracoid process. musculocutaneous nerve was identified throughout the surgical field; the ulnar nerve was placed in its usual position. Discussion The MCN arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and receives information from the roots C5, C6 and C7. The musculocutaneous nerve is a peripheral nerve in your outer arm. Nerve injuries. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. usually iatrogenic The musculocutaneous (MC) nerve is a sensori-motor nerve that originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus at the infero-lateral margin of the minor pectoral muscle. Original Author(s): Oliver Jones Last updated: December 22, 2020 2008-03-01 00:00:00 A. KWOLCZAK-MCGRATH,* A. KOLESNIK, AND B. CISZEK Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Forty upper limbs (20 right and 20 left) of spontaneously aborted … 2014;24(6):880–884. Neural Regen Res. The Musculocutaneous nerve is a large branch of the Brachial Plexus.It is called musculocutaneous nerve as it supplies the muscles of the front of the arm and skin of lateral side of forearm.. Backpacking with a heavy pack can cause compression of the brachial plexus and result in a condition called Erb’s palsy., In cases of musculocutaneous nerve damage, some people experience spontaneous recovery, but even when that happens, it generally takes several months.. It can interact with the median nerve, adhering to the nerve and exchanging fibres. An ultrasound study. Anatomical Variations of the Musculocutaneous and Median Nerves: A Case Report. Once you've finished editing, click 'Submit for Review', and your changes will be reviewed by our team before publishing on the site. The musculocutaneous nerve is located in the fascial layers between the biceps and coracobrachialis muscles, though its location is variable and can be seen within either muscle. It operates downwards and laterally, pierces the coracobrachialis which it supplies, and then passes between the biceps and brachialis muscles. It receives fibres from the C5-7 nerve roots. The musculocutaneous nerve is one of two terminal branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (along with the lateral root of the median nerve). The Musculocutaneous nerve powers the brachialis, coracobrachialis as well as biceps muscles. The musculocutaneous nerve is a major peripheral nerve of the upper limb. Typically, brachial plexus damage is caused by a penetrating injury to the axilla, such as a stabbing or gunshot wound. The musculocutaneous nerve may be doubled, unusually short, or absent. Read our, Medically reviewed by Mohamad Hassan, PT, DPT, Medically reviewed by Yasmine S. Ali, MD, MSCI, Medically reviewed by Cristian Zanartu, MD. It pierces the Coracobrachialis muscle and passes obliquely between the Biceps brachii and the Brachialis, to the lateral side of the arm; a little … In the absence of C6 function (conveyed by the upper trunk, anterior division, and musculocutaneous nerve to the elbow flexors), the radial nerve–supplied brachioradialis, not the trivial segment of brachialis supplied by the radial, assumes the function of weaker elbow flexion. Changes that occur at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis: The median nerve: crosses in front of the brachial artery from lateral to medial. The lateral cord then splits off to form: 1. It pierces the coracobrachialis about 3-8cm distal to the coracoid where it then gives a branch to the coracobrachialis muscle (some studies show that the nerve may be 1-5cm from the coracoid). The lateral cord then splits off to form: The musculocutaneous nerve then continues on and becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, which is also called the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter this site. The musculocutaneous nerve is the terminal branch of lateral cord of brachial plexus. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE • It is the largest branch of lateral cord (C5, C6 and C7). Pain can also be reproduce… Within the practice of radiology, he specializes in abdominal imaging. It passes under the pectoralis minor and penetrates the coraco- The musculocutaneous nerve is derived from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and innervates the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles (C5–C6), terminating as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. After originating from the brachial plexus, the musculocutaneous nerve leaves the axilla, and pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, near its point of insertion on the humerus. Anatomy of branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to the biceps and brachialis in human fetuses Kwolczak‐McGrath, A.; Kolesnik, A.; Ciszek, B. 2010;6(1):112–116. doi:10.1007/s11420-009-9143-6, Liu Y, Xu Xc, Zou Y, Li Sr, Zhang B, Wang Y. Phrenic nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve for the repair of brachial plexus injury: Electrophysiological characteristics. Many cases can be treated conservatively, such as with rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy. Each of these trunks has an anterior and posterior division, which then continue into a medial, posterior, and lateral cord. The objective in this study was a microscopic dissection and examination of the musculocutaneous nerve.

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