lateen sail origin

Since the upper and lower spars provide a frame for the sail, the camber of the sail is simply a function of how tightly the spars stretch the sail. LATEEN Meaning: "Latin sail;" see Latin (adj.). [25], From the Mediterranean, the lateen sail spread to the Nile River in Egypt, where the lateen-rigged felucca was developed.[26]. On modern lateens, with their typically shallower angles, this tends to disrupt the airflow over a larger area of the sail. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In the early nineteenth century, the lateen was replaced in European ships by the driver or spanker. (Entry 1 of 2) : being or relating to a rig used especially on the north coast of Africa and characterized by a triangular sail extended by a long spar slung to a low mast. The Sunfish class of one-design sailboats is lateen-rigged. [18], By the 6th century, the lateen sail had largely replaced the square sail throughout the Mediterranean, the latter almost disappearing from Mediterranean iconography until the mid-13th century. A lateen (from a la trina, meaning triangular) is a triangular sail set on a long yardarm mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction. By comparison a lateen or other fore and aft sail lies along the length of the boat and can be better controlled to enable the boat to sail to windward and is far more maneuverable, tacking and beating into the wind. This was mainly because it allowed a boat to tack "against the wind". It was made of several pieces of cloth, sewn parallel to luff and leech. Lateen sail, triangular sail that was of decisive importance to medieval navigation. [25] A glazed pottery dish from Saracenic Dénia dating to the 11th century is at present the earliest securely identifiable example found in the Mediterranean. A lateen (from French latine, meaning "Latin"[1]) or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction. It is common in the Mediterranean and the northwestern parts of the Indian Ocean, where it is the standard rig for feluccas and dhows. An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets. [40] Within fourteen years of da Gama's arrival, lateens were spotted by the Portuguese on local vessels.[40]. The lateen sail is slung obliquely to present a curved surface to the wind and derives its motive force from the pressure differential between the convex and concave sides of the sail. : 102–103 In historical sources, tanja sail is sometimes incorrectly to referred as lateen sail or simply square sail. Dating back to Roman navigation, the lateen became the favorite sail of the Age of Discovery, mainly because it allows a boat to tack "against the wind". Its effective use by the Arabs caused its rapid spread throughout the Mediterranean, contributing significantly to the resurgence of medieval commerce. By knowing this, navigators could find the latitude line and sail east or west along it to reach their destination. The lateen (triangular) sail: One of the biggest jumps in the history of sailing technology was the invention of the lateen or latin-rig sail. This combination allowed ships so equipped to sail close to the wind. Crab claw sails are rigged fore-and-aft and can be tilted and rotated relative to the wind. The triangular sail was affixed to a long yard or crossbar, mounted at its middle to the top of the mast and angled to extend aft far above the mast and forward down nearly to the deck. Dating back to Roman navigation, the lateen became the favourite sail of the Age of Discovery.It is common in the Mediterranean, the upper Nile River, and the northwestern parts of the Indian Ocean, where it is … Combined with the square sail, it produced the ocean-conquering full-rigged ship. lateen Often, additional lines are used to pull down the lower spar and provide tension along the upper and lower spars, providing greater control over the sail shape. [15] The earliest archaeologically excavated ship that has been reconstructed with a lateen rig is dated to ca. [19] It became the standard rig of the Byzantine dromon war galley and was probably also employed by Belisarius' flagship in the 532 AD invasion of the Vandal kingdom. [13], Both types of lateen were likely used from an early date on: a 2nd-century AD gravestone depicts a quadrilateral lateen sail (also known as a settee), while a 4th-century mosaic shows a triangular one which was to become the standard rig throughout the Middle Ages. The lateen sail originated somewhat later during the Roman empire in the Mediterranean Sea. Tanja sail (Malay: layar tanja) or tanja rig is a type of sail commonly used by the Malay people and other Austronesians, particularly in Maritime Southeast Asia.It is also known as the tilted square sail, canted rectangular sail, or balance lug sail in English. This was the lateen sail, earlier known to the Egyptians and sailors of the eastern Mediterranean.The lateen sail (as shown in the figure) is triangular in shape and is fixed to a long yard mounted at its middle to the top of the mast. Lateen definition: denoting a rig with a triangular sail ( lateen sail ) bent to a yard hoisted to the head... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples The lateen is a triangular sail mounted at an angle and running in a fore-and-aft direction. The lateen sail, developed during the first millennium, was introduced to medieval Europe where it revolutionized marine travel. Definition of lateen. Origin of lateen. In the 16th century, when Spain ruled the Netherlands, the lateen rigs were introduced to Dutch boat builders, who soon modified the design by omitting the mast and fastening the lower end of the yard directly to the deck, the yard becoming a raked mast with a full-length, triangular (leg-of-mutton) mainsail aft. 1999 Lateen Sail. The earliest fore-and-aft rig was the spritsail, appearing in the 2nd century BC in the Aegean Sea on small Greek craft. Omissions? It differs from the Mediterranean lateen rig in that it has a supporting spar on the lower edge of the sail and originally had no fixed masts. noun. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …long boats, with the triangular lateen sail developed in the Arab dhow and adopted in the Mediterranean, which gave it the “lateen” (Latin) association attributed to it by the northern seafarers. Origin of The Flying Lateen concept. Likewise, lateen sail survived in the Baltic until the late 19th century. On the other tack the sail is pushed away from the mast, greatly reducing the interference. The sail is triangular and supported along its upper edge by a long spar or yard. [23] This is also indicated by the terminology of the lateen among Mediterranean Arabs which is derived from Greco-Roman nomenclature. The lower spar is horizontal, and is attached to the mast where it crosses. They evolved from "V"-shaped perpendicular square sails in which the two spars converge at the base of the hull. Single-outrigger proa: single mast with crab claw sail. The lateen sail on the dhow looks triangular to the casual observer, but in fact it is quadrilateral and is correctly termed a settee sail. Dhow is the generic name for a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with lateen sails used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region. It was one of the earliest fore-and-aft rigs.It was developed for use on the Indian Ocean. The emergence of new evidence for the development and spread of the lateen sail in the ancient Mediterranean in recent decades has led to a reevaluation of the role of Arab seafaring in the Indian Ocean in that process.

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